PUNCHLINE
Ike
Señeres
Many indigenous tribes have already been
granted their own Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADTs) that has
become the legal basis for them to occupy their own land areas.
Aside from the indigenous tribes, many
people’s organizations have also been granted their own Integrated Forest
Management Agreements (IFMAs), and that has also become the legal basis for
them to occupy public lands for the purpose of planting trees and other forest
products.
Indigenous Communities Conservation Areas
(ICCAs) is an international framework that has been adopted to support the role
of indigenous peoples (IPs) in conserving the natural environments,
particularly in the forested areas. Not all areas that are included in the ICCA
framework are ancestral domains.
However, all of these areas have tribal
peoples who are doing the conservation work. Moreover, not all CADTs have been
declared as ICCAs, and vice versa.
Indigenous tribes are bound together by
common historical and cultural roots. More often than not, people’s
organizations are bound together by common political and social backgrounds.
Despite the differences between these two groups, both of them have become very
important in the conservation of the natural environments, and both of them
have been drawn towards active participation in the cooperative movement.
As of now, there seems to be no law that
would define and support the pursuit of communal lifestyles. It could be said
that the indigenous tribes have been living communally since time immemorial,
and by force of circumstance, it could also be said that the people who live
inside the IFMA areas might have also adopted the communal lifestyle.
In the absence of a legal or a practical
definition, I would say that the existence of a communal lifestyle is
characterized by having common kitchens, toilets, bathrooms and water sources,
among others. To some extent, it could probably be said that some of these services
or utilities might by owned or operated by cooperatives, or some other forms of
common ownership.
As it is now, there is already a legal basis
for small communities to become Independent Power Producers (IPPs) on their
own. Although there is no clear legal basis yet for small companies to put up
their own water sources, many water cooperatives have emerged all over the
country. For some reason, no one yet has put up a gas company or a gas
cooperative, to service the cooking gas needs of small communities. As of now,
everyone is still dependent on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking.
In theory, all the power, gas and water
utilities in small communities could be owned by just one cooperative that is
in turn owned by all the community members. This would however depend on the
local conditions, because it is really up to the community members to have
combined or separate utilities. The common denominator however is that all of
these utilities could be home grown and all of these could be built in small scale,
low cost versions.
As the saying goes, “If there is a will,
there is a way”. There are many technologies that could be used to produce
power, gas and water for tribal and communal communities. In the case of power,
there are solar, wind, hydro and other solutions. In the case of gas, there are
biogas and gasifier solutions. In the case of water, there are fresh water,
deep well and desalination solutions. As a matter of fact, there should be no
problem about water sources if there is already power or gas.
Any form of two-way communications would be
good for the purpose of bringing basic services to the tribal and communal
communities. That would include internet and mobile connectivity. However,
since these two technologies are solely dependent on local cellular towers, it
would be good to back up the communications with two-way radios.
Of course, satellite based internet
connectivity would always be an option, if these would be affordable. Using
internet, mobile and radio, it would be very easy to deliver medical, legal and
educational services to all remote areas. These are also known as telemedicine,
telejustice and telelearning.
Fortunately, there are laws now that would
require all lawyers, doctors and teachers to provide pro-bono services as a prerequisite
for the renewal of their professional licenses. This would provide the
professional base to deliver these basic services to these remote areas.
If they have power, gas and water, these
communities would also be able to move up to the next steps of farm automation
and factory automation. These are two steps that would enable the people in
these communities to produce more value added, and hopefully with that, they
would be able to get out of the cycle of poverty that has unjustly entrapped
them for so many years.
More than anything else, I think that
marketing is the most important need all producer cooperatives. In theory, all
of them could produce the raw materials that any food manufacturing company
would buy, but there seems to be no good system that would coordinate this
whole process of buying and selling.
Hopefully, an online system could be
developed for them that would enable them to sell to the rest of the world,
using some forms of electronic commerce.
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